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Cartography, GIS, and Geospatial Technology

The science and technology of mapping the world, from classical projections to satellite imagery and geographic information systems.

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1. Map Projections and Cartographic Methods

How the curved surface of the Earth is translated onto a flat map, and the unavoidable trade-offs and distortions of shape, area, distance, and direction that every projection and cartographic method involves.

2. Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis

An introduction to GIS as a tool for storing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data across every field of geography, from the vector and raster data models that encode the world to the software, databases, and careers built on top of them.

3. Remote Sensing and Satellite Earth Observation

A survey of how satellites and aerial sensors capture data about Earth's surface, atmosphere, and oceans, from the physics of passive and active sensing to the major programs, spectral techniques, and disaster and environmental applications built on their imagery.

4. GPS, Navigation, and Geodesy

An exploration of satellite positioning systems and the science of measuring the Earth's precise shape and location, from ancient surveying to modern GNSS constellations.

5. Digital Mapping and Location-Based Technology

A survey of the consumer mapping platforms and location-aware technologies that have transformed everyday navigation, from web maps and GPS-enabled apps to ride-sharing, augmented reality, and the smart-city sensor networks built on top of them.

6. Historical Maps and the Evolution of Cartography

A journey through the history of mapmaking, from ancient clay tablets and papyrus surveys to the first accurate world maps and today's digital, satellite-driven geospatial systems.

7. 3D Terrain Modeling and Geovisualization

How elevation data and digital tools turn flat maps into interactive, three-dimensional representations of landscape, from raw terrain datasets to immersive, web-based, and dashboard-driven visualization platforms.