Landforms and Major Physical Regions
Continents, mountain ranges, oceans, and the great units of Earth’s landforms.
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An exploration of Earth's internal structure, plate tectonics, and the erosional and depositional processes that continually reshape its surface, together with the science of cartography that lets us measure, project, and navigate the physical world.
An exploration of the water systems that shape Earth's surface: the oceans and their currents, the great rivers and lakes of the continents, and the ice and groundwater that sustain them.
A survey of the planet's great mountain ranges and highland plateaus, from the Himalayas to the East African Rift, and of how elevation, orogeny, and altitude shape landscapes and life.
An exploration of the world's great deserts, from the Sahara and Arabian sands to the Gobi, Atacama, and Australian Outback, the atmospheric and geologic processes that form them, and the landforms unique to arid environments.
A survey of how islands form and coastlines evolve, from volcanic archipelagos and continental fragments to coral atolls and eroding, vanishing shorelines.
An exploration of the Arctic and Antarctic as physical systems, and of the ice sheets, glaciers, and permafrost that together define the cryosphere.