Germanic Successor Kingdoms and Roman Continuities

The Visigoths were settled as federates in Aquitaine under the treaty of 418 CE, founding a kingdom with its capital at Toulouse. King Euric promulgated his law code around 475 CE, the first written Visigothic legal compilation, and Visigothic territory expanded across much of Hispania during the fifth century. A decisive defeat at the hands of Clovis's Franks at the Battle of Vouillé in 507 CE cost them most of their Gallic territory, shifting the center of Visigothic power to Hispania, with the capital progressively established at Toledo. There, under Leovigild (568-586 CE) the kingdom expanded further, and his son Reccared converted from Arianism to Catholicism at the Third Council of Toledo in 589 CE — a religious unification that proved a key step toward integrating Goths and Hispano-Romans. In 654 CE King Recceswinth promulgated the Liber Iudiciorum, a unified legal code, before the kingdom finally fell to the Muslim invasion of 711 CE.