The Ottoman collapse: Sèvres, the Turkish War of Independence, and Lausanne

The Treaty of Sèvres, signed on August 10, 1920, envisaged the near-total dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire: nearly all Arab territories were lost to French and British mandates, broad autonomy and eventual independence were envisaged for Armenia, a future referendum on Kurdish independence was proposed, and a substantial Greek zone of control was established around Smyrna. The straits were to come under an international demilitarized regime, and Italy and France each received economic zones of influence in Anatolia, leaving the Ottoman sultan with severely restricted sovereignty over a much-reduced central territory.